Report on the analyses of mAb reactive with porcine CD8 for the second international swine CD workshop

Based on an analysis of their reactivity with porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), only three of the 57 mAbs assigned to the T cell/activation marker group were grouped into cluster T9 along with the two wCD8 workshop standard mAbs 76-2-11 (CD8a) and 11/295/33 (CD8b). Their placement was verified through the use of two-color cytofluorometry which established that all three mAbs (STH101, #090; UCP1H12-2, #139; and PG164A, #051) bind exclusively to CD8⁺ cells. Moreover, like the CD8 standard mAbs, these three mAbs reacted with two proteins with a MW of 33 and 35 kDa from lymphocyte lysates and were, thus, given the wCD8 designation. Because the mAb STH101 inhibited the binding of mAb 76-2-11 but not of 11/295/33, it was given the wCD8a designation. The reactivity of the other two new mAbs in the T9 cluster with the various subsets of CD8⁺ lymphocytes were distinct from that of the other members in this cluster including the standards. Although the characteristic porcine CD8 staining pattern consisting of CD8^low and CD8^high cells was obtained with the mAb UCP1H12-2, a wider gap between the fluorescence intensity of the CD8^low and CD8^high lymphocytes was observed. In contrast, the mAb PG164A, not only exclusively reacted with CD4⁻/CD8^high lymphocytes, but it also failed to recognize CD4/CD8 double positive lymphocytes. It was concluded that this mAb is specific for a previously unrecognized CD8 epitope, and was, thus, given the wCD8c designation. A very similar reactivity pattern to that of PG164A was observed for two other mAbs (STH106, #094; and SwNL554.1, #009). Although these two mAbs were not originally positioned in the T cell subgroup because of their reactivity and their ability to inhibit the binding of PG164A, they were given the wCD8c designation. Overall, five new wCD8 mAbs were identified. Although the molecular basis for the differences in PBL recognition by these mAbs is not yet understood, they will be important in defining the role of CD8⁺ lymphocyte subsets in health and disease.     

Analyses of monoclonal antibodies reacting with porcine CD3: results from the Second International Swine CD Workshop

Among the 57 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) analyzed within the T-cell group from the Second Swine CD Workshop, six mAb fell within clusters T10 and T11 (No. 088, STH164; No. 148, FY1A3; No. 149, FY2C1; No. 150, FY1H2; No. 151, FY2A11; No. 169, BB23-8E6). The mAb within these two groups gave a similar appearance on flow cytometry and stained all peripheral blood T-cells as defined by CD4 and wCD8 staining. All six mAb precipitated a 24 kDa protein. On the basis of inhibition analyses performed as part of the workshop and from published data, the mAb define at least three epitopes. There is only minimal stimulation of resting peripheral lymphocytes, but four of the mAb produce strong stimulation in the presence of PMA. With the exception of STH164, all have been shown to react with CD3-transfected COS cells. The new mAb, therefore, react with three epitopes on porcine CD3 designated CD3a (BB23-8E6, FY2A11), CD3b (FY1A3, FY2C1), and CD3c (FY1H2). mAb STH164 appears to be reactive with another epitope, however, since its reactivity with CD3 has not been confirmed it is designated as wCD3.     

Detection of challenge virus in fetal tissues by nested PCR as a test of the potency of a porcine parvovirus vaccine

To estimate the potency of a porcine parvovirus (PPV) vaccine, three vaccinated and three non-vaccinated pregnant gilts were infected with PPV and the distribution of the virus was studied in the tissues of their 51 fetuses. Virus detection was attempted using haemagglutination (HA) and immunofluorescence (IF) assays, as well as by standard (single) and nested polymerase chain reactions (PCR). None of the detection methods yielded positive results when used to test for the presence of virus in suspensions of organs from the fetuses from the vaccinated gilts. However, the virus was detected in the fetuses from non-vaccinated gilts as follows: HA was positive in 14 cases out of 23 (60.8%), IF in 16/23 (69.5%), standard PCR in 12/20 (60%), and the nested PCR in 19/23 (82.6%). Although the correlation among the results of various methods of virus detection was rather close (r<0.83), the sensitivity of the nested PCR was the highest, both when testing dilutions of PPV and when analysing the fetal organs. The nested PCR therefore provides a reliable approach for studies of virus distribution in fetal organs, with special reference to potency tests on vaccines.     

石河子地区犬细小病毒野毒株的PCR检测与遗传变异初步研究

为探索石河子地区的CPV野毒株是否发生遗传变异,本试验收集石河子地区自然发病犬及病死犬的粪便和组织,提取其病毒基因组,利用PCR技术对犬细小病毒VP2基因片段进行扩增,对扩增片段进行克隆和测序,并与不同地域流行株VP2基因进行比对,分析其差异。结果显示,本试验成功克隆了VP2基因,且序列分析结果显示一毒株存在14个点突变位点其和5个缺失位点,另一毒株存在7个突变位点。经基因型鉴定,野毒株的基因型均为CPV-2a型。     

猪繁殖-呼吸综合征病毒上海株的分离鉴定

从上海地区５个发病猪场的病料中，分离到３株致Ｍａｒｃ－１４５细胞病变的病毒：ＳＨ１、ＳＨ２和ＳＨ３，理化特性研究表明，３株分离毒均对氯仿、乙醚、甲醛、热（５６℃）、酸（ｐＨ６以下）、碱（ｐＨ８以上）敏感。负染可见病毒以大小不等的具囊膜的球形粒子为主，囊膜上有纤突，直径为６０￣１００ｎｍ；超薄切片可见病毒粒子分散在细胞浆内，直径为４５￣８０ｎｍ。间接免疫荧光试验表明，３株分离毒均与ＰＲＲＳＶ高免血清呈强阳性反应，而与ＨＣＶ、ＰＰＶ、ＰＲＶ、ＴＧＥＶ高免血清的反应均呈阴性。综上可见，所分离的病毒为ＰＲＲＳＶ。     

实验性水貂细小病毒性肠炎的病理形态学研究

健康水貂6只,3只作对照,另3只口服-20℃保存9个月的水貂细小病毒性肠炎粪毒。实验貂临床症状典型,小肠粘膜出现“气球样”上皮细胞,肠腺和绒毛上皮细胞广泛变性、坏死、脱落,胞浆内可见嗜酸性小体;胞核可见两种类型Cowdry A型包涵体;在肠系膜淋巴结、骨髓、脾和肾上腺也观察到了核内包涵体。在小肠绒毛上皮细胞膜上和肠腺腺腔中发现大量G-小杆菌。同时,用扫描电镜观察了各肠段粘膜表面的变化;用透射电镜研究了空肠前段粘膜上皮细胞中水貂细小病毒(MPV)的形态发生及其所引起的超微病变,发现核仁及其相随染色质参与了核内包涵体的形成。     

实验性犬细小病毒感染及其病理形态学研究

取2～3月龄大13只(10只肠道驱虫),禁食24h后,分组分别经口鼻、静脉、肌肉接种TCID_(50)/ml为4×10~(5·75)的犬细小病毒(CPV)第四代猫肾细胞培养毒11.5或25.0m1/kg,再禁食48h。结果,各犬均于接种后第4d起陆续典型发病,粪便HA试验阳性,负染见CPV粒子。主要病理学变化是,小肠出血性坏死性炎,心肌灶状出血和颗粒变性;胸腺皮质的胸腺细胞及淋巴结皮质的淋巴细胞死亡、减少;在一些小肠隐窝上皮细胞、淋巴结的淋巴细胞和网状细胞以及胸腺的胸腺细胞和上皮性网状细胞核内见嗜酸性、嗜硷性或两染性包涵体;3只3月龄犬膈肌灶状出血。小肠粘膜扫描电镜观察,粘液增多,绒毛肿胀。其上的横沟变钱或消失。杯状细胞开口扩张,数目增加。电镜观察,在小肠隐窝上皮未分化细胞的核内见直径为27nm的CPV粒子,并对其形态发生作了描述。     

小鹅瘟病毒荧光RPA恒温快速检测方法的建立与应用

旨在建立一种以重组酶聚合酶扩增技术（RPA）为基础的快速检测方法,用于小鹅瘟病毒的快速检测。小鹅瘟是一种常见的水禽传染病,严重危害我国养鹅业的健康发展。为了快速准确对小鹅瘟进行诊断,减少该病的危害,本研究以小鹅瘟病毒VP3基因保守片段为靶点,利用重组酶聚合酶扩增技术（RPA）建立了一种准确高效的小鹅瘟病毒RPA恒温快速检测方法,并对检测方法的灵敏度、特异性进行评价,并与传统PCR和传统RT-PCR方法进行比较。结果表明,该检测方法具有较高的灵敏度,可检测到10 copies/μL的病毒核酸;具有良好的特异性,只特异性地扩增鹅细小病毒,而与鹅副黏病毒、鹅源鸭瘟病毒、小鹅流行性感冒病毒、鹅副伤寒病毒、大肠杆菌和曲霉菌均未发生交叉反应;同时该方法重复性检测的变异系数低于6%,具有很好的重复性。阳性符合试验表明该检测方法与荧光定量PCR符合率为99%。该方法可以很好地应用于小鹅瘟的大规模临床样本检测,为小鹅瘟病毒的高通量检测和流行病学调查提供技术手段。     

2018-2020年中国部分省市猪流行性腹泻病毒S1基因的监测及遗传变异分析

【目的】 调查中国规模化猪场猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)的流行情况。【方法】 利用RT-PCR检测方法对2018-2020年采集于全国11个省市318个规模化猪场的2 391份样品进行PEDV核酸检测,对30份阳性样品进行S1全基因扩增与测序,并利用MegAlign、Mega 7.0等软件进行分析。【结果】 2018-2020年,猪场PEDV核酸阳性率分别为48.57%、10.96%和4.72%,样品PEDV核酸阳性率分别为28.97%、8.27%和7.50%,猪场和样品PEDV核酸阳性率呈现逐年下降的趋势。S1基因相似性分析显示,获得的30株毒株全部为GⅡ基因型,其中17株毒株为GⅡa基因亚型、5株毒株为GⅡb亚型、8株毒株为GⅡc亚型,GⅡa基因亚型毒株为2018-2020年流行的主要毒株类型;30株毒株S1基因序列之间核苷酸相似性为93.0%~99.5%, 氨基酸相似性为91.7%~100%,其中22株毒株与2017-2018年流行的GⅡ基因型毒株相比S1氨基酸序列表现出特征性插入和缺失。【结论】 本研究结果为监测和分析中国PEDV的变异和演化提供了临床数据,为猪流行性腹泻防控和疫苗研制提供了参考。     

表达猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒N蛋白的重组腺病毒的构建及其免疫原性分析

【目的】 利用腺病毒AdMax系统表达载体表达猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV）核衣壳蛋白（nucleocapsid protein）,并研究其免疫原性。【方法】 参考GenBank中已公布的PRRSV N基因序列（登录号：KT945017.1）,人工合成PRRSV N基因,并将其连接至腺病毒穿梭载体pDC316-mCMV-EGFP,转化大肠杆菌Top10感受态细胞,构建重组穿梭质粒pDC316-N。将重组穿梭质粒pDC316-N与AdMax腺病毒系统的骨架质粒PBHGLOX （delta） E1,3Cre共同转染293A细胞,获得重组腺病毒rAd-N,对获得的重组腺病毒液进行PCR和测序鉴定,用鉴定正确的rAd-N病毒液感染293A细胞,对该重组腺病毒进行扩大培养,检测病毒的TCID₅₀,并用RT-PCR和Western blotting检测重组腺病毒的表达和反应原性。用重组腺病毒免疫小鼠,收集血清用PRRSV抗体检测试剂盒检测其抗体水平,初步评价其对小鼠的免疫效果。【结果】 PCR扩增出1条大小为400 bp的PRRSV N基因条带,测序结果正确,表明重组腺病毒构建成功,浓缩后测得其半数组织培养感染剂量（TCID₅₀）为10^-10.239。RT-PCR和Western blotting检测结果证实目的基因在基因和蛋白水平上均可得到正确表达,蛋白分子质量约为14 ku。小鼠特异性抗体检测表明,重组腺病毒rAd-N免疫小鼠后可使小鼠快速产生PRRSV特异性抗体,与对照组差异显著（P<0.05）,其中重组腺病毒与Gel佐剂配合使用时效果最好,最高可达7.84 U/L。【结论】 本研究成功构建表达PRRSV N蛋白的重组腺病毒,其具有良好的免疫原性,为建立针对PRRSV抗体的间接ELISA检测方法和进一步研发PRRSV抗体检测试剂盒奠定基础。